Fluid flow is one of the main transport mechanisms in the crust. It affects our society in many ways from pollutant transport in groundwater, water supply and geothermal energy to oil, gas and mineral ore deposits and its effects in the generation of earthquakes. The last decade has seen a strong increase in the scientific interest in fluid flow and fluid-rock interaction because of society's increasing demand for resources. One of the most important indicators for fluid flow and fluid-rock interaction in the geological record are vein networks that are abundant in the Earth’s crust. Veins are dilatation sites in rocks where minerals precipitated from a solution, which can be stationary (transport by diffusion) or flow with a wide range of velocities (transport by advection). Microstructures found in veins are indicators of the associated deformation processes, fluid inclusions give indications on the fluid pressure and isotope data can reveal the fluid's origin. It is clear that fluid-rock interaction occurs by a variety of different processes, at different time and length scales. Current research tends to be focussed on single processes and single time/length scales. One aspect that has remained elusive is the dynamic nature of veining, fluid flow and fluid-rock interaction (Table 1), due to strong coupling of the processes acting and resulting localisation of flow in both space (focussed flow) and time (flow pulses).What is currently lacking is a concerted research effort that combines the latest modelling techniques to investigate the dynamics of veins, fractures and fluid flow, focussing on the physical, chemical and mechanical coupling between the various processes. This research project intends to fill this "gap" with an innovative modelling approach that complements other research efforts in the field.
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Field Laboratory Oman |
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